Dementia pugilistica, is commonly known as boxer's dementia or punch-drunk syndrome. The word pugilistica actually comes from the Latin 'root pugil' for boxer. It is a neurological disorder which may affect career boxers, wrestlers, and mixed martial artists who receive multiple dazing blows to the head.

Dementia pugilistica is a severe form of chronic traumatic brain injury and is recognisable by a decline in mental and physical abilities similar to those seen is cases of Parkinson's disease. Other symptoms may include tremors, a lack of coordination, speech problems, or an unsteady gait. Some people may also be prone to inappropriate behaviour, or display pathological jealously or paranoia.

The condition develops over a number of years, with the average time of onset being about 12–16 years after the start of a career in boxing. The condition is thought to affect around 15% of professional boxers, but it rarely affects other types of athletes. The condition may be caused by repeat concussions, or repeated blows that are below the threshold of force necessary to cause concussion.